元素
Canvas
canvas 是一个由你自己用 2D 绘图 API(即 HTML Canvas 2D API)绘制的视图:图表、仪表盘、圆环、签名、自定义形状都可以用它来画。绘制代码记录操作,平台在原生侧以屏幕分辨率回放这些操作(iOS 和 Mac Catalyst 上是 Core Graphics,Android 上是 android.graphics.Canvas)。Rust 用 canvas(painter) 创建,Painter 记录绘制内容;TSX 用从 nsh 导入的 <Canvas> 及其 draw 函数。
import { Canvas, mount, signal, Text, View } from "nsh";
import { createAnimatedValue, Easing } from "nsh";
import { platform, windowSize } from "nsh";
import { button, buttonText, tint, ui } from "./palette";
const TAU = Math.PI * 2;
// Twelve months of made-up values, 0–100.
const values = [32, 41, 38, 52, 47, 63, 58, 71, 66, 80, 74, 88];
const months = "JFMAMJJASOND";
function Button(props: { label: string; onPress: () => void }) {
return (
<View onPress={props.onPress} {...button()}>
<Text style={buttonText()}>{props.label}</Text>
</View>
);
}
function App() {
// The month under the finger or pointer: `draw` reads it, so moving redraws.
const picked = signal(values.length - 1);
const pick = (x: number, width: number) =>
picked.set(Math.max(0, Math.min(values.length - 1, Math.round(((x - 20) / (width - 40)) * (values.length - 1)))));
let chartWidth = 0;
// The dial's angle is a native animated value: it turns without running `draw`.
const angle = createAnimatedValue(0);
const turns = signal(0);
const spin = () => {
turns.update((n) => n + 1);
angle.timing(turns() * TAU, { duration: 900, easing: Easing.out(Easing.cubic) });
};
const wide = () => windowSize().width >= 700;
return (
<View style={{ flex: 1, backgroundColor: ui().page, padding: 20, paddingTop: 24, gap: 14 }}>
<Text style={{ fontSize: 22, fontWeight: "700", color: ui().text }}>canvas</Text>
<Text style={{ color: ui().muted }}>
{platform.desktop ? "Drag across the chart with the mouse" : "Drag your finger across the chart"} · {months[picked()]}{" "}
= {values[picked()]}
</Text>
<View style={{ flex: 1, flexDirection: wide() ? "row" : "column", gap: 14 }}>
<Canvas
style={{ ...ui().inset, flex: 1, minHeight: 200, borderRadius: 14 }}
onLayout={({ bounds }) => (chartWidth = bounds.size.width)}
onStartShouldSetResponder={() => true}
onResponderGrant={(e) => {
pick(e.locationX, chartWidth);
return true;
}}
onResponderMove={(e) => pick(e.locationX, chartWidth)}
draw={(cx, { width, height }) => {
const pad = 20;
const x = (i: number) => pad + (i / (values.length - 1)) * (width - 2 * pad);
const y = (v: number) => height - pad - 16 - (v / 100) * (height - 2 * pad - 32);
const line = () => {
cx.beginPath();
values.forEach((v, i) => (i === 0 ? cx.moveTo(x(i), y(v)) : cx.lineTo(x(i), y(v))));
};
// Grid lines, dashed.
cx.strokeStyle = ui().border;
cx.lineWidth = 1;
cx.setLineDash([4, 4]);
for (const v of [25, 50, 75]) {
cx.beginPath();
cx.moveTo(pad, y(v));
cx.lineTo(width - pad, y(v));
cx.stroke();
}
cx.setLineDash([]);
// The area under the line: a path filled with a linear gradient.
const area = cx.createLinearGradient(0, pad, 0, height - pad);
area.addColorStop(0, tint(ui().accent, 0.32));
area.addColorStop(1, tint(ui().accent, 0));
line();
cx.lineTo(x(values.length - 1), y(0));
cx.lineTo(x(0), y(0));
cx.closePath();
cx.fillStyle = area;
cx.fill();
line();
cx.strokeStyle = ui().accent;
cx.lineWidth = 2.5;
cx.lineJoin = "round";
cx.stroke();
// Month labels: text.
cx.font = "11px system-ui";
cx.textAlign = "center";
cx.textBaseline = "alphabetic";
values.forEach((_, i) => {
cx.fillStyle = i === picked() ? ui().text : ui().faint;
cx.fillText(months[i], x(i), height - 10);
});
// The picked point, its guide and a bubble with its value.
const i = picked();
const px = x(i);
const py = y(values[i]);
cx.strokeStyle = tint(ui().text, 0.25);
cx.beginPath();
cx.moveTo(px, pad);
cx.lineTo(px, y(0));
cx.stroke();
cx.shadowColor = tint(ui().accent, 0.6);
cx.shadowBlur = 10;
cx.fillStyle = ui().accent;
cx.beginPath();
cx.arc(px, py, 6, 0, TAU);
cx.fill();
cx.shadowBlur = 0;
const label = String(values[i]);
cx.font = "600 13px system-ui";
const w = cx.measureText(label).width + 16;
const bx = Math.max(pad, Math.min(width - pad - w, px - w / 2));
cx.fillStyle = ui().text;
cx.beginPath();
cx.roundRect(bx, py - 36, w, 22, 6);
cx.fill();
cx.fillStyle = ui().page;
cx.textBaseline = "middle";
cx.fillText(label, bx + w / 2, py - 25);
}}
/>
<View style={{ ...ui().card, borderRadius: 14, padding: 16, gap: 12, alignItems: "center", width: wide() ? 240 : undefined, alignSelf: wide() ? "flex-start" : undefined }}>
<Canvas
style={{ width: 120, height: 120 }}
draw={(cx, { width, height }) => {
const r = width / 2 - 6;
const c = cx.createConicGradient(0, width / 2, height / 2);
c.addColorStop(0, ui().info);
c.addColorStop(0.5, ui().violet);
c.addColorStop(1, ui().info);
cx.fillStyle = c;
cx.beginPath();
cx.arc(width / 2, height / 2, r, 0, TAU);
cx.fill();
cx.translate(width / 2, height / 2);
cx.rotate(angle); // animates natively
cx.fillStyle = ui().page;
cx.beginPath();
cx.moveTo(0, -r + 10);
cx.lineTo(8, 0);
cx.lineTo(-8, 0);
cx.closePath();
cx.fill();
cx.beginPath();
cx.arc(0, 0, 10, 0, TAU);
cx.fill();
}}
/>
<Text style={{ color: ui().muted, textAlign: "center" }}>Turns: {turns()} (a native animated value)</Text>
<Button label="Spin" onPress={spin} />
</View>
</View>
</View>
);
}
mount(App);use std::f32::consts::{FRAC_PI_2, TAU};
use nsh_core::{canvas::LineCap, prelude::*};
/// 一个进度圆环,120 点见方。
fn ring(progress: f32) -> impl IntoElement {
let (center, radius) = (60.0, 50.0);
canvas(
Painter::new()
.line_width(12.0)
.line_cap(LineCap::Round)
.stroke_color(rgb(0xe5e7eb))
.begin_path()
.arc(center, center, radius, 0.0, TAU)
.stroke()
.stroke_color(rgb(0x6366f1))
.begin_path()
.arc(center, center, radius, -FRAC_PI_2, -FRAC_PI_2 + progress * TAU)
.stroke(),
)
.size(px(120.0))
}import { Canvas, mount } from "nsh";
function Ring(props: { progress: number }) {
return (
<Canvas
style={{ width: 120, height: 120 }}
draw={(cx, { width, height }) => {
const centerX = width / 2, cy = height / 2, r = width / 2 - 10;
cx.lineWidth = 12;
cx.lineCap = "round";
cx.strokeStyle = "#e5e7eb";
cx.beginPath();
cx.arc(centerX, cy, r, 0, Math.PI * 2);
cx.stroke();
cx.strokeStyle = "#6366f1";
cx.beginPath();
cx.arc(centerX, cy, r, -Math.PI / 2, -Math.PI / 2 + props.progress * Math.PI * 2);
cx.stroke();
}}
/>
);
}
mount(() => <Ring progress={0.7} />);在 TSX 中,Canvas 会创建原生画布视图、测量它的尺寸,再把上下文和尺寸传给你的 draw 函数(参见 Canvas API)。在 Rust 中,canvas(..) 接收一个 Painter,或返回 Painter 的闭包:闭包读取的内容变化时会重新绘制;绘制依赖尺寸时,尺寸来自 on_layout。
#属性
画布接受 view 的属性(样式、点按与手势属性、onLayout、无障碍属性、ref 等),另外还有:
| 属性 | Rust | 类型 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
draw | canvas(painter) | (cx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, size: { width: number; height: number }) => void | 绘制画布。尺寸确定后执行一次,画布尺寸变化时、读取的 signal 变化时再次执行。 |
请通过样式给画布一个尺寸(宽 / 高、flex、宽高比):它的尺寸由样式决定。
#何时重绘
绘制会像 effect 一样被追踪:在里面读取某个 signal,绘制就会订阅它。
let values = signal(vec![12.0_f32, 40.0, 28.0, 64.0]);
let width = signal(0.0_f32);
let height = 160.0;
canvas(move || {
let data = values.get(); // values 变化时重绘
let step = width.get() / data.len() as f32;
data.iter().enumerate().fold(Painter::new().fill_color(rgb(0x0969da)), |p, (i, v)| {
p.fill_rect(i as f32 * step + 4.0, height - v, step - 8.0, *v)
})
})
.h(px(height))
.on_layout(move |frame: &Bounds<Points>| width.set(frame.size.width.0))const values = signal([12, 40, 28, 64]);
<Canvas
style={{ height: 160 }}
draw={(cx, { width, height }) => {
const data = values(); // values() 变化时重绘
const step = width / data.length;
cx.fillStyle = "#0969da";
data.forEach((v, i) => cx.fillRect(i * step + 4, height - v, step - 8, v));
}}
/>;数字和颜色也可以是原生动画值(CanvasNumber、CanvasPaint;在 Rust 中,凡是数字的位置都可以传 &AnimatedValue):这些值动画时,平台会自行重绘,每帧都不经过应用代码。
use std::f32::consts::TAU;
let angle = animated_value(0.0);
angle.timing(TAU, 1000.0, Easing::Linear);
canvas(
Painter::new()
.translate(40.0, 40.0)
.rotate(&angle) // 在原生侧动画
.fill_color(rgb(0xcf222e))
.fill_rect(-20.0, -4.0, 40.0, 8.0),
)
.size(px(80.0))import { Canvas } from "nsh";
import { Animated, createAnimatedValue } from "nsh";
const angle = createAnimatedValue(0);
Animated.timing(angle, { toValue: Math.PI * 2, duration: 1000 }).start();
<Canvas
style={{ width: 80, height: 80 }}
draw={(cx) => {
cx.translate(40, 40);
cx.rotate(angle); // 在原生侧动画
cx.fillStyle = "#cf222e";
cx.fillRect(-20, -4, 40, 8);
}}
/>;#上下文
CanvasRenderingContext2D 是浏览器版本的一个子集,Painter 以 snake case 方法提供同样的操作(move_to、line_to、fill_rect、fill_text、stroke_color 等):状态栈(save、restore)、变换、路径(moveTo、lineTo、arc、arcTo、ellipse、rect、roundRect、贝塞尔曲线)、fill / stroke / clip(也可作用于 Path2D,后者接受 SVG 路径数据;Rust 中为 fill_svg / stroke_svg)、矩形、文字(fillText、strokeText、measureText)、线性 / 径向 / 锥形渐变、虚线、阴影、globalAlpha、globalCompositeOperation 以及 drawImage(图片可以是 URL 或资源)。所有成员见 Canvas API 参考;画布指南介绍了如何绘制图表和动画图形。
坐标单位是点,原点在左上角。measureText 是同步的,返回 width。Rust 的 Painter 也能做命中测试(is_point_in_path、is_point_in_stroke)。
上下文绘制矢量操作和图片:像素读写(getImageData / putImageData)、filter 和 SVG 图片不在其中。
#事件
与 view 的事件相同:onPress、onLayout、手势和触摸。如果要处理相对于画面的点击,可以在 onTouchEnd 中读取 locationX / locationY,或用 onResponderMove(Rust 中为 .on_responder_move(..),读取 e.location)跟踪拖动。
#ref 方法
没有自己的方法。